Certification schemes involve independent third-party organizations that assess and verify that certain standards have been met.
Organic certification: This certification verifies that crops have been grown without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers and that animals have been raised without the use of antibiotics or hormones.
Fairtrade certification: This certification verifies that products have been produced and traded under fair labor conditions, with farmers receiving a fair price for their products.
Labeling schemes, on the other hand, involve providing information about the environmental, social, or ethical impacts of food production through labeling on packaging or at the point of sale.
Carbon footprint labeling: This labeling provides information about the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production, transportation, and packaging of a product.
Animal welfare labeling: This labeling provides information about the animal welfare practices used in the production of a product.
